Sunday, October 20, 2013

A note on Qumran on Numbers and a difference

I was randomly reading through a Qumran scroll on Numbers when something caught my eye.

In Numbers 12:1-10, the strange story of Aaron and Miriam speaking about Moses in a somewhat disrespectful manner appears. I wanted to see if other versions of the story add or subtract anything significant, which I didn't really find. Of course there are some different plene and plain spellings there, which the Talmud Kiddushin admits to have ignorance of their exact spellings, but something more significant is actual words. I found 2 extra words, and I wonder why they were either: 1) Put into the text by the Qumranim or their predecessors, or 2) taken out of the text by the Mesoretes or their predecessors.

The text as the Mesoretes have it is like this:
 וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם וְאַהֲרֹן בְּמֹשֶׁה עַל אֹדוֹת הָאִשָּׁה הַכֻּשִׁית אֲשֶׁר לָקָח כִּי אִשָּׁה כֻשִׁית לָקָח.2וַיֹּאמְרוּ הֲרַק אַךְ בְּמֹשֶׁה דִּבֶּר יְהוָה הֲלֹא גַּם בָּנוּ דִבֵּר וַיִּשְׁמַע יְהוָה.3וְהָאִישׁ מֹשֶׁה ענו [עָנָיו] מְאֹד מִכֹּל הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה.4וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה פִּתְאֹם אֶל מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל אַהֲרֹן וְאֶל מִרְיָם צְאוּ שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶם אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וַיֵּצְאוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּם.5וַיֵּרֶד יְהוָה בְּעַמּוּד עָנָן וַיַּעֲמֹד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וַיִּקְרָא אַהֲרֹן וּמִרְיָם וַיֵּצְאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם.6וַיֹּאמֶר שִׁמְעוּ נָא דְבָרָי אִם יִהְיֶה נְבִיאֲכֶם יְהוָה בַּמַּרְאָה אֵלָיו אֶתְוַדָּע בַּחֲלוֹם אֲדַבֶּר בּוֹ.7לֹא כֵן עַבְדִּי מֹשֶׁה בְּכָל בֵּיתִי נֶאֱמָן הוּא.8פֶּה אֶל פֶּה אֲדַבֶּר בּוֹ וּמַרְאֶה וְלֹא בְחִידֹת וּתְמֻנַת יְהוָה יַבִּיט וּמַדּוּעַ לֹא יְרֵאתֶם לְדַבֵּר בְּעַבְדִּי בְמֹשֶׁה.9וַיִּחַר אַף יְהוָה בָּם וַיֵּלַךְ.10וְהֶעָנָן סָר מֵעַל הָאֹהֶל וְהִנֵּה מִרְיָם מְצֹרַעַת כַּשָּׁלֶג וַיִּפֶן אַהֲרֹן אֶל מִרְיָם וְהִנֵּה מְצֹרָעַת
Or, in Aryeh Kaplan's The Living Torah:
Miriam and Aaron Complain
12:1 Miriam and Aaron began speaking against Moses because of the dark-skinned woman he had married. The woman that [Moses] had married was indeed dark-skinned.
12:2 They [then went on to] say, 'Is it to Moses exclusively that God speaks? Doesn't He also speak to us?' God heard it.
12:3 Moses, however, was very humble, more so than any man on the face of the earth.


Miriam's Punishment
12:4 God suddenly said to Moses, Aaron and Miriam, 'All three of you go out to the Communion Tent!' When the three of them went out,
12:5 God descended in a pillar of cloud and stood at the Tent's entrance. He summoned Aaron and Miriam, and both of them went forth.
12:6 [God] said, 'Listen carefully to My words. If someone among you experiences divine prophecy, then when I make Myself known to him in a vision, I will speak to him in a dream.
12:7 This is not true of My servant Moses, who is like a trusted servant throughout My house.
12:8 With him I speak face to face, in a vision not containing allegory, so that he sees a true picture of God. How can you not be afraid to speak against My servant Moses?'
12:9 God displayed anger against them and departed.
12:10 When the cloud left its place over the Tent, Miriam was leprous, white like snow. When Aaron returned to Miriam [and saw] her leprous,
Look at the end of verse 2 (bolded in the Hebrew). God heard their naysaying, and the next verse interrupts by telling us Moses was very humble. The commentators try to make that relevant to the story. And maybe the Qumran people are trying to do that too, by adding in (or having the words), "ויחר אפו." God became angry. See this picture, 4th line in.

Maybe the point is that God became angry instead of Moses, who was apparently in the tent with his brother and sister, and didn't. Meaning, God got angry on his behalf.

And perhaps the reason the Mesoretes don't have that version is because it will mention God's anger in verse 9. Also, in Maimondean terms, God does not get angry, He displays anger as we understand understand it. There is no display of actual anger until Miriam received leprosy, and so perhaps this is a support for Maimonides.

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